全文获取类型
收费全文 | 161篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 5篇 |
废物处理 | 8篇 |
环保管理 | 15篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
基础理论 | 38篇 |
污染及防治 | 57篇 |
评价与监测 | 13篇 |
社会与环境 | 15篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有164条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Vera A. Matrosova Ilya A. Volodin Elena V. Volodina Nina A. Vasilieva 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):707-715
The questions of individuality and stability of cues to identity in vocal signals are of considerable importance from theoretical
and conservation perspectives. While individuality in alarm calls has been reported for many sciurids, it is not well-documented
that the vocal identity encoded in the alarm calls is stable between different encounters with predators. Previous studies
of two obligate hibernating rodents, speckled ground squirrels Spermophilus suslicus, and yellow ground squirrels Spermophilus fulvus demonstrated that, after hibernation, most individuals could not be identified reliably by their alarm calls. Moreover, in
most speckled ground squirrels, individual patterns of alarm calls changed progressively over as little as 2 weeks. However,
these previous data have been obtained using the collection of alarm calls from trapped animals. Here, we examined ten free-ranging
dye-marked yellow ground squirrels to determine whether their alarm calls retain the cues to individuality between two encounters
of surrogate predators (humans), separated on average by 3 days. Discriminant function analysis showed that the alarm calls
of individual yellow ground squirrels were very similar within a recording session, providing very high individual distinctiveness.
However, in six of the ten animals, the alarm calls were unstable between recording sessions. Also, we examined ten dye-marked
individuals for consistency of acoustic characteristics of their alarm calls between the encounters of humans, differing in
techniques of call collection, from free-ranging vs trapped animals. We found differences only in two variables, both related
to sound degradation in the environment. Data are discussed in relation to hypotheses explaining the adaptive utility of acoustic
individuality in alarm calls. 相似文献
62.
Tanja Stanić Aleksandra Daković Aleksandar Živanović Magdalena Tomašević-Čanović Vera Dondur Sonja Milićević 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(2):161-166
Adsorption of arsenic (V) by natural zeolitic tuff, modified with iron (III), was investigated. Also, the iron (III) adsorption
characteristics by natural zeolitic tuff was evaluated. It was determined that iron (III) adsorption by starting zeolitic
tuff was best represented by the Freundlich type of isotherm, having correlation coefficient (r
2) of 0.990. Arsenic (V) adsorption by iron (III)-modified zeolitic tuff followed a nonlinear type of isotherm. The best fit
of the experimental data was obtained using the Langmuir–Freundlich model (r
2 = 0.99), with the estimated maximum of arsenic (V) adsorption to iron (III)-modified zeolitic tuff of 1.55 mg/g. 相似文献
63.
Laura?AquiloniEmail author Vera?Gon?alves Alberto?F.?Inghilesi Francesca?Gherardi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):785-790
Crayfish are excellent model organisms to study the proximate mechanisms underlying the maintenance of dominance hierarchies
in invertebrates. Our aim here was to investigate whether Procambarus clarkii males use social eavesdropping to discriminate dominant from subordinate crayfish. To this end, we conducted an experiment
composed of a “passive” and an “active” phase. In the passive phase, “focal” individuals were allowed (treatment 1) or not
(treatment 2) to see and smell two size-matched crayfish fighting while, in the subsequent active phase, they were allowed
to freely interact with the fighting dyad. None of the recorded variables showed any significant difference between the two
treatments, but, invariably, focal individuals were able to promptly discriminate dominant from subordinate crayfish. This
study provides evidence that male crayfish recognize the social status of a conspecific without the need of direct or indirect
experience with it and avoid dominants—and thus dangerous opponents—by means of a badge of status. A form of “winner and loser
effects” could also contribute to the structuring of dominance/subordinate relationships. The implication of these results
in understanding the maintenance of dominance hierarchies in invertebrates are discussed and compared with findings previously
achieved in the context of mate choice by P. clarkii females, who do appear to use eavesdropping to identify dominants and subordinates. 相似文献
64.
Shin-ichi Sakai Hideto Yoshida Jiro Hiratsuka Carlo Vandecasteele Regina Kohlmeyer Vera Susanne Rotter Fabrizio Passarini Alessandro Santini Maria Peeler Jinhui Li Gil-Jong Oh Ngo Kim Chi Lawin Bastian Stephen Moore Natsuko Kajiwara Hidetaka Takigami Takaaki Itai Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Keijiro Tomoda Takashi Hirakawa Yasuhiro Hirai Misuzu Asari Junya Yano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):1-20
End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management. 相似文献
65.
Clàudia Fontàs Ruben Vera Anna Batalla Spas D. Kolev Enriqueta Anticó 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11682-11688
In the present work, a novel and simple detection system for As inorganic species contained in groundwater is presented. To reach the required detection limit, the proposed methodology is based on two steps: first is the transport and preconcentration of the inorganic arsenic species using a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) system and second is the formation of a coloured complex, the absorbance of which is measured. Different parameters related to the membrane composition and the transport kinetics have been studied, and it was found that membranes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a polymer, and Aliquat 336 as a carrier, ensured efficient arsenic transport when the carrier content was at least 31 % (w/w). The implementation of the designed PIM in a special device that contained only 5 mL of the stripping solution (0.1 M NaCl) allowed As preconcentration from a 100-mL water sample, thus facilitating its detection with the colorimetric method. The new method developed here was validated, and its analytical figures of merit were determined, i.e. limit of detection of 4.5 μg L?1 at 820 nm and a relative standard deviation within the range 8–10 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of different water samples from Catalonia region with naturally occurring As. 相似文献
66.
Cerdeira AL dos Santos NA Pessoa MC Gomes MA Lanchote VL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(1):159-165
The region of Ribeir?o Preto City, located in Southeast of Brazil, S?o Paulo State, is an important sugarcane, soybean, and corn producing area with a high level of pesticides utilization. This region is also an important recharge area for groundwater supply of the Guarany aquifer. Since the past ten years atrazine, simazine, ametryn, tebuthiuron, diuron, 2,4-D, picloram, and hexazinone are the main herbicides used in this area. In order to study a possible leaching of some of these herbicides into the aquifer, surface, and groundwater samples were collected in a watershed during the years of 1996 to 2003, from different locations. To detect and quantify the herbicides a GC-MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry) method was used. The response of the herbicides analyzed was linear over the concentration range of 0.02 to 2.0 microg/L. Analysis of groundwater revealed that the herbicides tebuthiuron, diuron, atrazine, simazine, and ametryn were not present in the samples. In the surface water collected in 1997, ametryn was present in two out of nine locations with concentrations ranging from 0.17 and 0.23 microg/L, which is above the allowable 0.1 microg/L according to the European safety level. The leaching potential of tebuthiuron, diuron, atrazine, simazine, 2,4-D, picloram, and hexazinone has been evaluated using CMLS-94, "Chemical Movement in Layered Soil," as simulation model. No leaching into the depth of the water table at 40 m was found. 相似文献
67.
68.
Robson R. M. Barizon Ricardo de Oliveira Figueiredo Débora Renata Cassoli de Souza Dutra Jussara Borges Regitano Vera Lúcia Ferracini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(3):283-292
AbstractCamanducaia River is part of the Piracicaba watershed responsible for pumping water into the Cantareira System, which is one of the main water sources for the metropolis of São Paulo and Campinas, Brazil. Intensive use of pesticides and hilly topography represents a situation of high risk for river water contamination. Therefore, water samples from 12 locations were collected along the Camanducaia River and its tributaries, over a period of 4?mo during the rainy season, and analyzed by GC-MS/MS or UPLC- MS/MS for the presence of 46 pesticides. Seven pesticides (fipronil, methyl parathion, metolachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, diuron, and simazine) were positively detected. Only atrazine (the most frequently detected) and diuron were present at concentrations above the limit of quantification of the analytical method (0.32 and 0.57?μg L?1 for atrazine and diuron, respectively). Pesticides detection frequency was higher than expected for a river system where only 11.8% of the land area is under agriculture. The vulnerability of the Camanducaia basin to pesticide contamination is attributed to the high annual precipitation (> 1.5?m y?1 in the headwaters), associated with topographical features (steep terrain) and soil types that favor surface runoff, which has been exacerbated by poor soil management practices. 相似文献
69.
Barbara Zielinska Dave Campbell Vera Samburova 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(12):1369-1383
Rapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in the Barnett Shale region of Texas in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the potential contributions of emissions from gas production operations to population exposure to air toxics in the Barnett Shale region. This goal was approached using a combination of chemical characterization of the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from active wells, saturation monitoring for gaseous and particulate pollutants in a residential community located near active gas/oil extraction and processing facilities, source apportionment of VOCs measured in the community using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model, and direct measurements of the pollutant gradient downwind of a gas well with high VOC emissions. Overall, the study results indicate that air quality impacts due to individual gas wells and compressor stations are not likely to be discernible beyond a distance of approximately 100 m in the downwind direction. However, source apportionment results indicate a significant contribution to regional VOCs from gas production sources, particularly for lower-molecular-weight alkanes (<C6). Although measured ambient VOC concentrations were well below health-based safe exposure levels, the existence of urban-level mean concentrations of benzene and other mobile source air toxics combined with soot to total carbon ratios that were high for an area with little residential or commercial development may be indicative of the impact of increased heavy-duty vehicle traffic related to gas production
ImplicationsRapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. This study focused on directly measuring the ambient air pollutant levels occurring at residential properties located near natural gas extraction and processing facilities, and estimating the relative contributions from gas production and motor vehicle emissions to ambient VOC concentrations. Although only a small-scale case study, the results may be useful for guidance in planning future ambient air quality studies and human exposure estimates in areas of intensive shale gas production. 相似文献
70.
Rodolfo Jaffé Fabiana C. Pioker-Hara Charles F. dos Santos Leandro R. Santiago Denise A. Alves Astrid de M. P. Kleinert Tiago M. Francoy Maria C. Arias Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(3):261-264
High genetic diversity is important for the functioning of large insect societies. Across the social Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps), species with the largest colonies tend to have a high colony-level genetic diversity resulting from multiple queens (polygyny) or queens that mate with multiple males (polyandry). Here we studied the genetic structure of Trigona spinipes, a stingless bee species with colonies an order of magnitude larger than those of polyandrous honeybees. Genotypes of adult workers and pupae from 43 nests distributed across three Brazilian biomes showed that T. spinipes colonies are usually headed by one singly mated queen. Apart from revealing a notable exception from the general incidence of high genetic diversity in large insect societies, our results reinforce previous findings suggesting the absence of polyandry in stingless bees and provide evidence against the sperm limitation hypothesis for the evolution of polyandry. Stingless bee species with large colonies, such as T. spinipes, thus seem promising study models to unravel alternative mechanisms to increase genetic diversity within colonies or understand the adaptive value of low genetic diversity in large insect societies. 相似文献